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慢性應(yīng)激對(duì)大鼠海馬NGF、NT-3表達(dá)的影響
慢性應(yīng)激對(duì)大鼠海馬NGF、NT-3表達(dá)的影響及應(yīng)激停止后的變化
摘要:目的 探討慢性應(yīng)激對(duì)大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元NGF、NT-3蛋白表達(dá)的影響及其應(yīng)激停止后的變化。方法 采用慢性強(qiáng)迫游泳制作動(dòng)物模型。運(yùn)用open-field法觀察大鼠行為學(xué)的變化,運(yùn)用**組織化學(xué)方法觀察大鼠海馬DG區(qū)、CA3區(qū)NGF、NT-3的表達(dá)。結(jié)果與對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組1大鼠海馬CA3、DG區(qū)NGF、NT-3的平均灰度值顯著增加(p<0.05和p<0.01),實(shí)驗(yàn)組2平均灰度值與對(duì)照組2相比同樣增加(p<0.05和p<0.05)。結(jié)論慢性應(yīng)激使大鼠海馬NGF、NT-3表達(dá)降低,應(yīng)激三十天后,其表達(dá)仍低于對(duì)照組。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
關(guān)鍵詞:慢性應(yīng)激 海馬 NGF、NT-3 強(qiáng)迫游泳porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
[中圖分類號(hào)] R395 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A
porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
Effects of chronic stress on the expression of NGF、NT-3 in hippocampusof the rats porsolt swimtest強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
Bi Bo, Jin Kuihe,Zhu Yuzhang, et al.
Department ofPsychiatry and Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital,China Medical University, Shenyang 110001
Abstract: Objective To observe the changes ofNGF、NT-3 expression inhippocampus of the rats with the forced-swimming and the changes of NGF、NT-3 after poststress. Methods The protocol was established with the forced-swimming as the chronic stress model. Open-field test was executed to measure the behaviors of the rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes of NGF、NT-3 expression in the hippocampus. Results Compared to the control group,the expression of NGF、NT-3 in CA3 region of the hippocampus and dendate gyrus(DG)of the rats was decreased morphologically. With the computerized image analysis, the gray degree increased significantly and the changes showed the same results after the poststress. Conclusion Chronic stress decreased the expression of the NGF、NT-3 in CA3 region and DG in the hippocampus of the rats and the changes showed the same results after the poststress.
Key words: chronic stress,hippocampus, NGF、NT-3,forced-swimming,
porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim porsolt swimtest強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
神經(jīng)生長因子(neuron growth factor NGF)是**個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)、也是生物學(xué)功能了解得*清楚的一個(gè)神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子。NGF對(duì)皮質(zhì)、海馬、基底前腦的膽
堿能神經(jīng)元有神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)作用。[1]它和神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子3(neurotrophin3, N T-3 )廣泛地分布在海馬、大腦皮層、中隔等**神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,它們在神經(jīng)保護(hù)、突觸再生、神經(jīng)損傷后功能重建等方面也發(fā)揮了重要作用。應(yīng)激事件導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)化學(xué)方面的改變可能參與了抑郁障礙的發(fā)生,此外,神經(jīng)***、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)和神經(jīng)可塑性的改變在抑郁障礙的發(fā)生中也起到十分重要的作用。[2] 本研究利用**組化的方法觀察NGF、NT3在慢性應(yīng)激以及應(yīng)激過后在海馬的表達(dá)變化,以了解NGF、NT3和抑郁障礙的關(guān)系。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
1 對(duì)象與方法porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物porsolt swimtest強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
成年Wistar雄性大鼠32只(由中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供),體重160-180g。將實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠置于自然晝夜節(jié)律光照條件下,自由進(jìn)食、飲水,每籠6-8只,控制室溫于18~20℃。大鼠適應(yīng)環(huán)境1周后,稱重,并采用 Open-field(開場)實(shí)驗(yàn)測定行為,記錄大鼠5min內(nèi)的動(dòng)作行為表現(xiàn),包括中央格停留時(shí)間、水平穿越格數(shù)、豎立次數(shù)、修飾次數(shù)和糞便粒數(shù)。依體重和Open-field實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)分,將大鼠隨機(jī)分為四組,每組8只,分別為對(duì)照組1、對(duì)照組2、實(shí)驗(yàn)組1和實(shí)驗(yàn)組2。各組間體重和Open-field實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)分均無顯著性差異。對(duì)照組每籠喂養(yǎng)4只,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的大鼠于單籠喂養(yǎng)。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法porsolt swimtest強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
將實(shí)驗(yàn)組1和實(shí)驗(yàn)組2的大鼠每天上午十點(diǎn)鐘放入長寬50cm×60cm、水深25cm、水溫恒定0℃的冰水玻璃缸中強(qiáng)迫游泳5min,每天給予刺激一次,共21天。對(duì)照組1與對(duì)照組2的大鼠放在籠中群養(yǎng),不給任何刺激。第22天殺死對(duì)照組1和實(shí)驗(yàn)組1的大鼠, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組2停止強(qiáng)迫游泳和對(duì)照組2繼續(xù)喂養(yǎng),30天后,處死動(dòng)物。各組大鼠在被處死前均采用 Open-field法測定大鼠的行為并稱體重。處死方法:用****(50-60mg/kg)經(jīng)腹腔麻醉,麻醉起效后將大鼠固定在灌流臺(tái)上,剖開胸腔,經(jīng)左心室快速灌注37oC生理鹽水(含適量肝素)150-200ml,繼而灌注4%多聚甲醛溶液(用PBS配制,pH=4)200-300ml,持續(xù)30-40min后,取腦組織并修塊。將腦修塊置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定48小時(shí),梯度酒精脫水,石蠟包埋后,冠狀切片,片厚約7μm。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
通過ABC**組化染色方法檢測NGF、NT3蛋白的表達(dá)。切片經(jīng)脫蠟、水化后入PBS(PH7.4),3%H2O210分鐘內(nèi)去除過氧化物酶,切片用微波進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù),然后進(jìn)行**組織化學(xué)ABC法染色。用兔抗鼠NGF、NT3作為一抗,工作濃度為1:200。用生物素化的羊抗兔IgG作為二抗,工作濃度為1:200。*后加ABC復(fù)合物,工作濃度為1;100,*后加DAB顯色液顯色5-10分鐘。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
每只大鼠取雙側(cè)海馬CA3區(qū)DG區(qū)切片各兩張,在計(jì)算機(jī)圖像分析系統(tǒng)(Meta Morph/Ax70)上測量NGF、NT3平均光密度和平均目標(biāo)灰度值(所測陽性細(xì)胞平均灰度),灰度單位分為256個(gè)等級(jí),**反應(yīng)的強(qiáng)弱與灰度值呈反比關(guān)系。
采用SPSS for Windows 10.0軟件分析,數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)加減標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x-±s)表示,組間檢驗(yàn)采用t檢驗(yàn),p值取0.05。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
2 結(jié)果porsolt swimtest強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
開場行為評(píng)定:實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組的大鼠第21天的數(shù)據(jù)相比(表1),慢性應(yīng)激后實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠的體重增加減少(t=-4.07,P<0.01),中央格停留時(shí)間延長(t=2.42,P<0.05),水平穿越格數(shù)減少(t=-5.40,P<0.01),豎立次數(shù)減少(t=-5.70,P<0.05),修飾次數(shù)減少(t=-3.00,P<0.01),糞便粒數(shù)無明顯差異(t=0.638,P>0.05)。應(yīng)激后30天,實(shí)驗(yàn)組2與對(duì)照組2相比,大鼠的體重增加減少(t=-2.80,P<0.01),中央格停留時(shí)間延長(t=3.13,P<0.05),水平穿越格數(shù)減少(t=3.89,P<0.01),豎立次數(shù)減少(t=-2.73,P<0.05),修飾次數(shù)減少(t=-2.54,P<0.05),糞便粒數(shù)無明顯差異(t=0.527,P>0.05)。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
表1 A組大鼠開場行為的比較
體重(g) 中央格時(shí)間(s) 水平穿越格數(shù) 豎立次數(shù) 修飾次數(shù) 糞便粒數(shù)
|
對(duì)照組1 259.63±25.32 0.98±0.36 31.75 ±8.75 14.00±4.34 10.25±5.75 1.75±1.03
實(shí)驗(yàn)組1203.88±29.34** 3.05±2.40* 19.50±6.78** 4.37±1.99* 3.37±2.97** 1.37±1.30
對(duì)照組2 323.38±20.00 0.70±0.42 29.75±9.57 12.88±5.84 9.63 ±3.16 2.13±1.55
實(shí)驗(yàn)組2 295.50±19.79* 3.55±2.54* 15.37±4.21** 5.63±4.72* 6.13±2.30* 1.75±1.28 |
* *表示P<0.01 *表示P<0.05
實(shí)驗(yàn)組1大鼠海馬CA3區(qū)DG區(qū)NGF、NT3陽性細(xì)胞與對(duì)照組1相比平均灰度值增加(P<0.05 和P<0.01)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組2大鼠海馬CA3區(qū)DG區(qū)NGF、NT3陽性細(xì)胞與實(shí)驗(yàn)組2相比平均灰度值增加( P<0.05和P<0.01)。
表2 慢性應(yīng)激和應(yīng)激后大鼠海馬DG、CA3區(qū)NGF、NT3的表達(dá)
CA3區(qū) DG區(qū) porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim |
灰度值 灰度值 NGF NT3 NGF NT3
對(duì)照組1 182.45±0.37 164.56±0.21 179.24±0.54 154.28±0.77
實(shí)驗(yàn)組1 187.25±0.87* 169.67±0.94** 183.49±0.21* 157.33±0.39*
對(duì)照組2 181.85±1.02 163.23±0.63 180.34±0.98 156.65±0.58
實(shí)驗(yàn)組2 186.31±0.68* 170.30±1.22** 187.79±1.01** 162.79±0.98** |
* *表示P<0.01 *表示P<0.05 porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
3 討論porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
本動(dòng)物模型利用長期強(qiáng)迫游泳的中等強(qiáng)度應(yīng)激造成分養(yǎng)動(dòng)物抑郁狀態(tài)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠的體重增加量明顯減少, 中央格停留時(shí)間延長,水平穿越格數(shù)減少,豎立次數(shù)減少,修飾次數(shù)減少,糞便粒數(shù)無明顯差異,提示慢性應(yīng)激使大鼠出現(xiàn)抑郁樣行為。停止慢性強(qiáng)迫游泳刺激30天以后,上述改變依然存在,顯示應(yīng)激停止后抑郁樣行為持續(xù)存在。
慢性應(yīng)激可以使海馬CA3區(qū)神經(jīng)元的樹突發(fā)生持久的和不可逆的損傷,主要表現(xiàn)為樹突長度的縮短、分支數(shù)量的減少和海馬齒狀回神經(jīng)元的再生障礙。[3,4]不斷有證據(jù)表明慢性應(yīng)激是抑郁發(fā)生的一個(gè)很重要的因素,其所引起的海馬結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上的變化與抑郁障礙的發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。[5]許多神經(jīng)影像學(xué)和尸檢的研究提示抑郁障礙的發(fā)生與某些特定神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的神經(jīng)可塑性損害相關(guān)。[6]例如,〕MRI的研究表明,抑郁障礙的病人前額葉、海馬和紋狀體區(qū)的灰質(zhì)部分減少,這些變化很可能是由于神經(jīng)元的凋亡和神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)過程的失調(diào)所導(dǎo)致的。神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子合成的缺乏(NGF、NT3 BDNF、Bcl-2)使海馬和前額葉神經(jīng)凋亡增加,這一改變很可能與抑郁障礙病人認(rèn)知功能的損害相關(guān)。[7] porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forcedswim
NG是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的**對(duì)正常神經(jīng)細(xì)胞有營養(yǎng)作用,對(duì)損傷神經(jīng)修復(fù)機(jī)能有調(diào)節(jié)作用的生物活性因子,NGF是一種多亞基蛋白組成的靶組織源性細(xì)胞因子,對(duì)神經(jīng)組織的生存、發(fā)育、修復(fù)及神經(jīng)功能的維護(hù)具有重要的作用。它是**神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中重要的生物活性物質(zhì)之一,外源性NGF 能促進(jìn)**神經(jīng)****,維持其存活,減少病理性死亡。[8]神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子3主要存在于海馬的齒狀回,在**神經(jīng)元的再生,海馬的可塑性和記憶等方面發(fā)揮重要的作用。[9]本研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,慢性強(qiáng)迫游泳應(yīng)激可以減少海馬神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子NGF、NT3的表達(dá),而且應(yīng)激停止三十天后,此兩種神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子的表達(dá)仍然降低。由此可以推測慢性應(yīng)激所致的抑郁障礙模型鼠的海馬神經(jīng)元的損傷和丟失可能與神經(jīng)元的保護(hù)因子NGF、NG3的降低有關(guān),而且此種改變在不給予任何**手段的情況下是不可逆的。,研究抑郁障礙與NGF、NT3的關(guān)系將不僅為我們理解該**病因病理學(xué)機(jī)制、同時(shí)為研究和開發(fā)NGF、NT3這樣的新型抗抑郁**提供一個(gè)嶄新的途徑。porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
參考文獻(xiàn)porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
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2S. Hayley, M. O. Poulter, Z Merall, et al. The Pathgenesis ofClinical Depression: Stressor and Cytokine-Induced Alterations OfNeuroplasticity,Neuroscience 135 (2005) 659–678 porsolt swim test強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) forced swim
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